Palliative care for children with central nervous system tumors: results of a Spanish multicenter study

Background Brain tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Few studies concerning the palliative phase in children with brain tumors are available. Objectives (i) To describe the palliative phase in children with brain tumors; (ii) to determine whether the use of palliative sedation (PS) depends on the place of death, the age of the patient, or if they received specific palliative care (PC). Methods Retrospective multicenter study between 2010 and 2021, including children from one month to 18 years, who had died of a brain tumor. Results 228 patients (59.2% male) from 10 Spanish institutions were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 2–9) and median age at death was 7 years (IQR 4–11). The most frequent tumors were medulloblastoma (25.4%) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (24.1%). Median number of antineoplastic regimens were 2 (range 0–5 regimens). During palliative phase, 52.2% of the patients were attended by PC teams, while 47.8% were cared exclusively by pediatric oncology teams. Most common concerns included motor deficit (93.4%) and asthenia (87.5%) and communication disorders (89.8%). Most frequently prescribed supportive drugs were antiemetics (83.6%), opioids (81.6%), and dexamethasone (78.5%). PS was administered to 48.7% patients. Most of them died in the hospital (85.6%), while patients who died at home required PS less frequently (14.4%) (p = .01). Conclusion Children dying from CNS tumors have specific needs during palliative phase. The optimal indication of PS depended on the center experience although, in our series, it was also influenced by the place of death (AU)

Neonatos con diagnóstico prenatal de hidrops fetal: experiencia durante 10 años en un centro de tercer nivel / Neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of hydrops fetalis: A 10-year experience in a tertiary care center

Introducción: El hidrops fetal (HF) es una condición rara con una alta mortalidad. Este estudio analiza la evolución obstétrica y perinatal de los diagnósticos prenatales de HF, relacionándola con la etiología y el tratamiento intrauterino (TIU) recibido. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron 164 gestantes con diagnóstico prenatal de HF entre 2011 y 2021. Se registraron intervenciones prenatales, hallazgos clínicos, etiologías y resultados de los recién nacidos vivos. Resultados: Se realizó un estudio invasivo prenatal en el 79,3% de los pacientes. Las etiologías mayoritarias fueron alteraciones genéticas (31%), infecciones TORCH y por parvovirus B19 (9,7%), y cardiopatías estructurales (9,1%). En el 25,6% se realizó TIU, y entre todas las gestaciones, el 74,4% fueron interrumpidas. Las alteraciones genéticas tuvieron tasas más altas de interrupción legal del embarazo respecto a otras etiologías (p<0,01). Del total, solo nacieron el 25,6% de los fetos, la mayoría pretérmino. Los que recibieron TIU gozaron de mayores tasas de supervivencia perinatal y al año de vida (p<0,001). De entre aquellos nacimientos, las cardiopatías estructurales presentaron las peores tasas de supervivencia, mientras que las causas con mejor pronóstico fueron las taquiarritmias. La supervivencia al año de vida entre aquellos recién nacidos vivos fue del 70%, pero el 58,6% asociaron morbilidad significativa al alta. Conclusiones: A pesar de los avances en el manejo del HF, el mal pronóstico obstétrico, la mortalidad perinatal y la morbilidad de los supervivientes siguen siendo significativos. Estos datos son importantes para asesorar a las familias que reciben un diagnóstico prenatal de HF.(AU)

Introduction: Hydrops fetalis (HF) is a rare condition with a high mortality. This study analysed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of antenatally diagnosed HF according to its aetiology and the possibility of intrauterine treatment (IUT). Patients and methods: We carried out a retrospective review of the health records of 164 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of HF in a tertiary care centre between 2011 and 2021. We analysed prenatal interventions, clinical findings, aetiologies and obstetric and live-born infant outcomes. Results: An invasive prenatal study had been performed in 79.3% cases. The most common aetiologies were genetic disorders (31%), TORCH and parvovirus B19 infections (9.7%) and structural heart diseases (9.1%). Intrauterine treatment was performed in 25.6%, and 74.4% of pregnancies were terminated. Pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of genetic or chromosomal disorders had higher rates of elective termination compared to other aetiologies (P<.01). Among all pregnancies, only 25.6% resulted in live births (LBs), most of them preterm. Perinatal and 1-year survival rates were higher in the group that received IUT (P<.001). Among the LBs, structural heart diseases had the worst survival rates, while the aetiology with the best outcomes was tachyarrhythmia. Survival at 1year of life among those born alive was 70%, but 58.6% of these infants had significant morbidity at discharge. Conclusions: Despite advances in the management of FH, the poor obstetric prognosis, perinatal mortality and morbidity of survivors is still significant. These data are important for the purpose of counselling families when HF is diagnosed antenatally.(AU)

Neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of hydrops fetalis: A 10-year experience in a tertiary care center.

INTRODUCTION: Hydrops fetalis (HF) is a rare condition with a high mortality. This study analysed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of antenatally diagnosed HF according to its aetiology and the possibility of intrauterine treatment (IUT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of the health records of 164 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of HF in a tertiary care centre between 2011-2021. We analysed prenatal interventions, clinical findings, aetiologies and obstetric and live-born infant outcomes. RESULTS: An invasive prenatal study had been performed in 79.3% cases. The most common aetiologies were genetic disorders (31%), TORCH and parvovirus B19 infections (9.7%) and structural heart diseases (9.1%). Intrauterine treatment was performed in 25.6%, and 74.4% of pregnancies were terminated. Pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of genetic or chromosomal disorders had higher rates of elective termination compared to other aetiologies (P < .01). Among all pregnancies, only 25.6% resulted in live births (LBs), most of them preterm. Perinatal and 1-year survival rates were higher in the group that received IUT (P < .001). Among the LBs, structural heart diseases had the worst survival rates, while the aetiology with the best outcomes was tachyarrhythmia. Survival at 1 year of life among those born alive was 70%, but 58.6% of these infants had significant morbidity at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Despite advances in the management of FH, the poor obstetric prognosis, perinatal mortality and morbidity of survivors is still significant. These data are important for the purpose of counselling families when HF is diagnosed antenatally.

Palliative care for children with central nervous system tumors: results of a Spanish multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Brain tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Few studies concerning the palliative phase in children with brain tumors are available. OBJECTIVES: (i) To describe the palliative phase in children with brain tumors; (ii) to determine whether the use of palliative sedation (PS) depends on the place of death, the age of the patient, or if they received specific palliative care (PC). METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study between 2010 and 2021, including children from one month to 18 years, who had died of a brain tumor. RESULTS: 228 patients (59.2% male) from 10 Spanish institutions were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 2-9) and median age at death was 7 years (IQR 4-11). The most frequent tumors were medulloblastoma (25.4%) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (24.1%). Median number of antineoplastic regimens were 2 (range 0-5 regimens). During palliative phase, 52.2% of the patients were attended by PC teams, while 47.8% were cared exclusively by pediatric oncology teams. Most common concerns included motor deficit (93.4%) and asthenia (87.5%) and communication disorders (89.8%). Most frequently prescribed supportive drugs were antiemetics (83.6%), opioids (81.6%), and dexamethasone (78.5%). PS was administered to 48.7% patients. Most of them died in the hospital (85.6%), while patients who died at home required PS less frequently (14.4%) (p = .01). CONCLUSION: Children dying from CNS tumors have specific needs during palliative phase. The optimal indication of PS depended on the center experience although, in our series, it was also influenced by the place of death.

Subluxació atlantoaxial: una causa infreqüent de torticoli en pediatria / Subluxación atlantoaxoidea: una causa infrecuente de tortícolis en pediatría / Atlantoaxial subluxation: An uncommon cause of torticollis in children

Introducció: La torticoli és motiu de consulta freqüent en pediatria. D’entre les múltiples etiologies, la predominant és la musculoesquelètica. Presentem un cas d’una entitat poc coneguda, la subluxació rotatòria atlantoaxial (SRAA), que pot aparèixer de manera aïllada o secundària a processos inflamatoris locals, a infeccions o a cirurgies del tracterespiratori superior, coneguda també com la síndrome deGrisel.Cas clínic: Presentem el cas d’una nena de set anys queconsulta per torticoli dolorosa d’aparició sobtada i nàusees.En l’exploració destaca marcada desviació de cap i coll al’esquerra en flexió, i contractura muscular paravertebral.S’orienta inicialment com una contractura cervical i se lidona l’alta amb tractament antiinflamatori oral. Vint-i-quatrehores després reconsulta per empitjorament clínic, amb vòmits intensos, per la qual cosa es fa una tomografia computada cranial que objectiva una subluxació atlantoaxial entreC1-C2. Se sol·licita una ressonància magnètica cranial, quedescarta altres lesions associades; l’analítica no mostra signes d’infecció i els marcadors de malalties inflamatòriesresulten normals. S’orienta com una SRAA primària.Presenta persistència de la torticoli, de manera que requereix reducció amb col·locació d’una ortesi d’halo (halojacket), que tampoc resulta eficaç. Tenint en compte lamala evolució i l’evidència d’hiperlaxitud articular, se sospita col·lagenopatia, que després d’un estudi exhaustiu noes va poder filiar. Set mesos després del debut, tot i eltractament intensiu amb fisioteràpia, la pacient persisteixlleument simptomàtica.Comentaris: En una torticoli no reductible, amb dolor intensi espasme contralateral del múscul esternoclidomastoidal,cal sospitar una SRAA i sempre haurem de descartar necauses secundàries.(AU)

Introducción. La tortícolis es un motivo de consulta frecuente en pediatría. Entre las múltiples etiologías que pueden causarla, la predominante es la musculoesquelética. Presentamos un caso de una entidad poco conocida, la subluxación rotatoria atlantoaxoidea (SRAA), que puede aparecer de manera aislada o secundaria a procesos inflamatorios locales, a infecciones o a cirugías del tracto respiratorio superior, conocida también como síndrome de Grisel. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una niña de siete años que consulta por tortícolis dolorosa de aparición súbita y náuseas. En la exploración destaca marcada desviación de la cabeza y cuello hacia la izquierda en flexión, y contractura muscular paravertebral. Se orienta inicialmente como una contractura cervical, y se da de alta con tratamiento antiinflamatorio oral. Veinticuatro horas después reconsulta por empeoramiento clínico, con vómitos intensos. Se realiza tomografía computerizada craneal, que descarta lesiones ocupantes de espacio, pero objetiva una subluxación atlantoaxoidea entre C1-C2. Se solicita resonancia magnética craneal,que descarta otras lesiones asociadas; analítica sin signos de infección, y marcadores de enfermedades inflamatorias que resultan normales. Se orienta como una SRAA primaria. Presenta persistencia de la tortícolis, por lo que requiere reducción con colocación de una ortesis de halo (halo jacket), que tampoco resulta eficaz. Dada la mala evolución y la evidencia de hiperlaxitud articular, se sospecha colagenopatía, que tras un estudio exhaustivo no se pudo filiar. Siete meses después del debut, pese a tratamiento intensivo con fisioterapia, la paciente persiste levemente sintomática.Comentarios. En una tortícolis no reductible, con dolor intenso yespasmo contralateral del músculo esternocleidomastoideo, hayque sospechar una SRAA y siempre tendremos que descartar causas secundarias.(AU)

Introduction: Torticollis is a frequent reason for consultation in paediatrics. There are multiple causes of torticollis, most commonly of musculoskeletal origin. We report a case of rotatory atlantoaxial subluxation (RAAS), a rare cause of torticollis in children, which can appear as an isolated finding; or as a consequence of local inflammatory processes or infections, or resulting from surgical interventions on the upper respiratory tract (Grisel syndrome). Case report: We report the case of a seven year old girl with a sudden painful torticollis and nausea. Head and neck deviation to the left in flex position and paravertebral contracture were found at physical exam. Firstly, a diagnosis of cervical contracture was considered and she was discharged home with oral anti-inflammatory treatment. Twenty-four hours later, the patient consulted again because of clinical worsening and intense vomiting. A CT scan was performed that ruled out space occupying lesions but showed an RAAS between C1-C2. The results of blood analysis (including markers of infection) and markers of different inflammatory diseases were normal, and brain MRI showed no other associated lesions. The patient was then diagnosed as having primary RAAS. She had persistent torticollis, and a reduction and halo jacket insertion were performed, without improvement. Due to the unfavourable course and the detection of articular hyperlaxitude a collagen related disease was suspected but, after an exhaustive study, this could not be confirmed. Seven months after the start of the problem the patient still remains slightly symptomatic. Comments: RAAS should be suspected in a case of no reducible torticollis with intense pain and contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle spasm. Secondary causes must always be ruled out.(AU)

Manifestaciones cutáneas en contexto del brote actual de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 / Cutaneous manifestations in the current pandemic of coronavirus infection disease (COVID 2019)

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Evaluación de la calidad percibida en las intervenciones no restrictivas dentro de un programa pediátrico de optimización de antimicrobianos (PROA-NEN) / Evaluation of perceived quality in non-restrictive interventions within the antimicrobial stewardship program in pediatrics (PROA-NEN)

No disponible